Excel Database Functions:
| Function | Rewritten Description |
|---|---|
| DAVERAGE | Calculate the average of fields that meet criteria |
| DCOUNT | Count numeric entries matching database filters |
| DCOUNTA | Count all non-empty matching entries in a database |
| DGET | Extract a single value from a matching record |
| DMAX | Return the highest value from records that match |
| DMIN | Return the lowest value from records that match |
| DPRODUCT | Multiply values from matching records |
| DSTDEV | Calculate sample standard deviation from matching records |
| DSTDEVP | Calculate population standard deviation from matching records |
| DSUM | Add up values from records that meet criteria |
| DVAR | Compute variance (sample) from filtered data |
| DVARP | Compute variance (population) from filtered data |
Excel Date & Time Functions:
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| DATE | Generate a date using year, month, and day values |
| DATEDIF | Calculate the number of days, months, or years separating two dates |
| DATEVALUE | Turn a text-formatted date into a real date |
| DAY | Extract the day number (1 to 31) from a date |
| DAYS | Determine the total number of days between two dates |
| DAYS360 | Find the number of days between dates assuming a 360-day year |
| EDATE | Return a date that is a specific number of months before or after another |
| EOMONTH | Get the final day of a month, shifted by a number of months |
| HOUR | Extract the hour (0–23) from a given time |
| ISOWEEKNUM | Return the ISO-compliant week number for a given date |
| MINUTE | Pull the minute portion (0–59) from a time value |
| MONTH | Get the month number (1–12) from a date |
| NETWORKDAYS | Calculate how many business days fall between two dates |
| NETWORKDAYS.INTL | Count the workdays between dates with custom weekend settings |
| NOW | Display the current system date and time |
| SECOND | Retrieve the seconds value (0–59) from a time |
| TIME | Build a time using hour, minute, and second components |
| TIMEVALUE | Convert a string representing time into a valid time format |
| TODAY | Show the current date only (without time) |
| WEEKDAY | Return a number that represents the weekday of a date |
| WEEKNUM | Identify the week number within the year for a date |
| WORKDAY | Calculate a date that is a certain number of workdays from a start date |
| WORKDAY.INTL | Like WORKDAY, but allows flexible weekend definitions |
| YEAR | Extract the year component from a date |
| YEARFRAC | Return the portion of a year between two dates as a decimal |
Excel Dynamic Array Functions:
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| ARRAYTOTEXT | Turn an array or range into a plain text string |
| BYCOL | Apply a function to each column of an array |
| BYROW | Apply a function to each row of an array |
| CHOOSECOLS | Select certain columns from an array |
| CHOOSEROWS | Select certain rows from an array |
| DETECTLANGUAGE | Identify the language used in a text string |
| DROP | Remove parts of an array |
| EXPAND | Extend an array by adding more rows or columns |
| FILTER | Return only values that meet certain conditions |
| GROUPBY | Organize and summarize rows based on groups |
| HSTACK | Join arrays or ranges side by side |
| IMAGE | Pull an image into Excel from a URL |
| ISOMITTED | Check whether optional parameters are missing |
| LAMBDA | Build a custom reusable function |
| LET | Define named variables inside a formula |
| MAKEARRAY | Generate an array using calculated results |
| MAP | Apply a custom function to every element in an array |
| PERCENTOF | Return part of the data as a percent of the whole |
| PIVOTBY | Summarize information by rows and columns |
| RANDARRAY | Create an array with random values |
| REDUCE | Shrink an array by aggregating its values |
| REGEXEXTRACT | Pull matching text using a regular expression |
| REGEXREPLACE | Replace matching text using a regular expression |
| REGEXTEST | Check if text fits a regular expression |
| SCAN | Process an array and keep intermediate outputs |
| SEQUENCE | Generate an array of consecutive numbers |
| SORT | Rearrange a range or array in order |
| SORTBY | Sort a range or array based on another column |
| STOCKHISTORY | Import historical stock prices |
| TAKE | Get a certain number of elements from an array |
| TEXTAFTER | Get text that comes after a specific character |
| TEXTBEFORE | Get text that comes before a specific character |
| TEXTSPLIT | Divide a text string using a separator |
| TOCOL | Convert an array to a single vertical column |
| TOROW | Convert an array to a single horizontal row |
| TRANSLATE | Convert text from one language to another |
| TRIMRANGE | Remove empty rows and columns from a data range |
| UNIQUE | Return values that appear only once in the array |
| VALUETOTEXT | Convert any value to a text format |
| VSTACK | Join arrays or ranges vertically |
| WRAPCOLS | Reshape a list into columns |
| WRAPROWS | Reshape a list into rows |
| XLOOKUP | Search for a value and return the match |
| XMATCH | Find the position of an item in a list or table |
Excel Financial Functions:
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| ACCRINT | Calculate periodic accrued interest |
| ACCRINTM | Find total accrued interest at maturity |
| AMORDEGRC | Compute depreciation with coefficient for accounting period |
| AMORLINC | Compute linear depreciation for accounting period |
| COUPDAYBS | Get number of days from start of coupon to settlement |
| COUPDAYS | Count days in coupon term including settlement date |
| COUPDAYSNC | Get number of days from settlement to next coupon |
| COUPNCD | Find the next coupon date after settlement |
| COUPNUM | Get total number of coupon payments |
| COUPPCD | Get last coupon date before settlement |
| CUMIPMT | Total interest paid over a loan period |
| CUMPRINC | Total principal paid over a loan period |
| DB | Depreciation using fixed-declining method |
| DDB | Depreciation using double-declining method |
| DISC | Determine discount rate for a bond or security |
| DOLLARDE | Convert fractional dollar value into decimal |
| DOLLARFR | Convert decimal price to fractional format |
| DURATION | Find annual duration considering periodic interest |
| EFFECT | Get actual yearly interest rate based on compounding |
| FV | Estimate future value of an investment |
| FVSCHEDULE | Calculate future value with compound growth |
| INTRATE | Get full investment yield over a term |
| IPMT | Get interest amount for a specific period |
| IRR | Calculate internal rate of return from cash flows |
| ISPMT | Interest paid during a certain time in loan life |
| MDURATION | Get Macaulay duration assuming $100 face value |
| MIRR | Get adjusted internal rate of return |
| NOMINAL | Calculate stated annual interest rate |
| NPER | Find total payment periods for investment/loan |
| NPV | Compute present value of future cash flows |
| ODDFPRICE | Price per $100 for first odd payment period |
| ODDFYIELD | Yield for bond with non-standard first period |
| ODDLPRICE | Price per $100 with irregular last payment period |
| ODDLYIELD | Yield of bond with irregular last period |
| PDURATION | Periods needed to reach target investment value |
| PMT | Compute regular loan payment amount |
| PPMT | Principal paid during a single period |
| PRICE | Price of bond with periodic interest per $100 |
| PRICEDISC | Price of a discounted bond per $100 face |
| PRICEMAT | Price of bond including full interest at maturity |
| PV | Current worth of future investment returns |
| RATE | Find interest rate per compounding period |
| RECEIVED | Amount received when security matures |
| RRI | Estimate equivalent rate based on growth amount |
| SLN | Straight-line method depreciation |
| SYD | Sum-of-years-digits depreciation |
| TBILLEQ | Treasury bill yield in bond-equivalent format |
| TBILLPRICE | Price per $100 face for a Treasury bill |
| TBILLYIELD | Annual return on a Treasury bill |
| VDB | Variable double-declining balance depreciation |
| XIRR | IRR for non-uniform cash flow intervals |
| XNPV | Present value for uneven cash flows |
| YIELD | Yield for bond with regular interest payments |
| YIELDDISC | Yield for security sold at discount |
| YIELDMAT | Yield for bond with interest at maturity |
Excel Information Functions:
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| CELL | Retrieve details about a specific cell |
| ERROR.TYPE | Identify the error category of a cell |
| INFO | Return system or environment-related data |
| ISBLANK | Check whether a cell has no content |
| ISERR | Check for any error type except #N/A |
| ISERROR | Detect if a cell contains any error |
| ISEVEN | Check if a value is an even number |
| ISFORMULA | Verify whether a cell holds a formula |
| ISLOGICAL | Determine if the value is TRUE or FALSE |
| ISNA | Check specifically for the #N/A error |
| ISNONTEXT | Determine if a value is not text |
| ISNUMBER | Check if the cell holds a number |
| ISODD | Check if a value is an odd number |
| ISREF | Verify if the input is a valid reference |
| ISTEXT | Check whether a value is a text string |
| N | Convert any value to a numeric result if possible |
| NA | Return a #N/A error explicitly |
| SHEET | Get the index number of a worksheet |
| SHEETS | Return the count of sheets in a reference |
| T | Show only the text part of a value |
| TYPE | Return the data type code for a cell’s content |
Logical Excel Functions:
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| AND | Check if multiple conditions are true at once. |
| FALSE | Return the logical value FALSE. |
| IF | Return a value based on whether a condition is met. |
| IFERROR | Provide a fallback value when an error occurs. |
| IFNA | Return an alternate value only if the result is #N/A. |
| IFS | Evaluate several conditions and return the result for the first true one. |
| NOT | Reverse a logical value from TRUE to FALSE or vice versa. |
| OR | Return TRUE if any of the conditions are true. |
| SWITCH | Compare one value against multiple options and return the first matching result. |
| TRUE | Return the logical value TRUE. |
| XOR | Return TRUE only if exactly one of the conditions is true. |
Excel Lookup/Reference Functions:
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| ADDRESS | Generate a cell reference using row and column numbers |
| AREAS | Count how many separate ranges exist in a reference |
| CHOOSE | Select a value from a list by its position index |
| COLUMN | Return the column number for a specific cell |
| COLUMNS | Count how many columns are in a range or array |
| FIELDVALUE | Get the value of a specific field in a structured data type |
| FORMULATEXT | Show the actual formula written in a cell |
| GETPIVOTDATA | Extract pivot table data using a formula |
| HLOOKUP | Search for a value across the top row and return a match |
| HYPERLINK | Create a link that can be clicked in the worksheet |
| INDEX | Return a value from a table based on row and column positions |
| INDIRECT | Convert text into a usable cell or range reference |
| LOOKUP | Find a value in a column or row and return a related result |
| MATCH | Get the index number of a value in a range |
| OFFSET | Create a dynamic reference by shifting from a base point |
| ROW | Return the row number of a given cell or range |
| ROWS | Count the number of rows in a given reference |
| TRANSPOSE | Rotate a range by swapping rows with columns |
| VLOOKUP | Search vertically for a value and return corresponding data |
Excel Math Functions:
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| ABS | Return the non-negative value of a number |
| AGGREGATE | Perform a summary calculation with options to ignore errors |
| ARABIC | Convert Roman numerals into standard Arabic numbers |
| BASE | Represent a number in a different numeral base |
| CEILING | Round a number up to the nearest multiple of a given value |
| CEILING.MATH | Round a number upward to the nearest multiple (more control) |
| CEILING.PRECISE | Round a number upward to the nearest multiple without sign checks |
| COMBIN | Calculate the total combinations without repetition |
| COMBINA | Calculate the total combinations allowing repetition |
| DECIMAL | Convert a base-N number to a decimal number |
| EVEN | Round a number up to the nearest even integer |
| EXP | Calculate e to the power of a given number |
| FACT | Return the factorial of a number |
| FACTDOUBLE | Return the double factorial of a number |
| FLOOR | Round a number down to a specific multiple |
| FLOOR.MATH | Round down to a nearest multiple with control over direction |
| FLOOR.PRECISE | Always round down to nearest multiple (ignores sign) |
| GCD | Get the largest number that evenly divides two numbers |
| INT | Round a number down to the nearest whole number |
| LCM | Find the smallest number divisible by given numbers |
| LN | Calculate the natural logarithm (base e) of a number |
| LOG | Return the logarithm of a number for a given base |
| LOG10 | Return the base-10 logarithm of a number |
| MDETERM | Calculate the determinant of a square matrix |
| MINVERSE | Compute the inverse of a given matrix |
| MMULT | Multiply two matrices |
| MOD | Return the remainder after division |
| MROUND | Round a number to the nearest specified multiple |
| MUNIT | Generate a unit matrix for a given size |
| ODD | Round a number up to the nearest odd integer |
| PI | Return the constant π (3.14159…) |
| POWER | Raise a number to a specific power |
| PRODUCT | Multiply all supplied values together |
| QUOTIENT | Divide two numbers and return only the integer part |
| RAND | Return a random decimal between 0 and 1 |
| RANDBETWEEN | Return a random whole number between two values |
| ROMAN | Convert an Arabic number to a Roman numeral |
| ROUND | Round a number to a specified number of digits |
| ROUNDDOWN | Always round a number down toward zero |
| ROUNDUP | Always round a number up away from zero |
| SIGN | Determine whether a number is positive, negative, or zero |
| SQRT | Return the square root of a number |
| SUBTOTAL | Perform a subtotal calculation that adjusts for filters |
| SUM | Add a list of numbers together |
| SUMIF | Add numbers that meet a specific condition |
| SUMIFS | Add numbers that meet multiple conditions |
| SUMPRODUCT | Multiply corresponding array elements and sum the results |
| SUMSQ | Return the sum of squares of input numbers |
| SUMX2MY2 | Sum the differences of squares between two arrays |
| SUMX2PY2 | Sum the squares of two arrays added together |
| SUMXMY2 | Sum of squared differences between two arrays |
| TRUNC | Shorten a number to a set number of decimal places |
Excel Statistical Functions:
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| AVEDEV | Return the average of absolute deviations from the mean |
| AVERAGE | Calculate the mean of a group of numbers |
| AVERAGEA | Compute the mean of numbers and text values |
| AVERAGEIF | Return the average of values that meet a condition |
| AVERAGEIFS | Compute the average of values meeting multiple conditions |
| BINOM.DIST | Return binomial probability distribution |
| BINOMDIST | Return binomial probability (legacy version) |
| COUNT | Count how many numeric entries are present |
| COUNTA | Count all non-empty cells |
| COUNTBLANK | Count how many empty cells are in a range |
| COUNTIF | Count how many cells meet a certain condition |
| COUNTIFS | Count how many cells meet several criteria |
| DEVSQ | Sum the squared differences from the mean |
| FORECAST | Predict a future value based on linear trend |
| FORECAST.ETS | Predict a future value using exponential smoothing |
| FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT | Get the confidence range for a forecasted value |
| FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY | Return seasonal pattern length from forecast model |
| FORECAST.ETS.STAT | Return forecast model statistics |
| FORECAST.LINEAR | Forecast based on a linear regression |
| FREQUENCY | Return frequency distribution from a dataset |
| GEOMEAN | Calculate the geometric mean of a list |
| HARMEAN | Return the harmonic mean of a set of numbers |
| INTERCEPT | Return y-intercept from regression line |
| LARGE | Return the nth biggest number from a list |
| LINEST | Return slope and intercept from linear regression |
| MAX | Return the highest number from a list |
| MAXA | Return the largest value including text/logic |
| MAXIFS | Return the maximum that meets certain criteria |
| MEDIAN | Return the middle value of a dataset |
| MIN | Return the lowest number from a list |
| MINA | Return the smallest value including text/logic |
| MINIFS | Return the minimum that meets certain criteria |
| MODE | Return the most common value in a dataset |
| MODE.MULT | Return all most common values |
| MODE.SNGL | Return one most frequent value |
| NORM.DIST | Return normal distribution value |
| NORM.INV | Return the inverse of the normal distribution |
| NORM.S.DIST | Return the standard normal distribution value |
| NORM.S.INV | Return the inverse of the standard normal CDF |
| PERCENTILE | Return the kth percentile value |
| PERCENTILE.EXC | Return percentile excluding endpoints |
| PERCENTILE.INC | Return percentile including endpoints |
| PERCENTRANK | Return rank percentile including boundaries |
| PERCENTRANK.EXC | Return percentile rank excluding boundaries |
| PERCENTRANK.INC | Return percentile rank including boundaries |
| PERMUT | Return number of permutations (no repetition) |
| PERMUTATIONA | Return permutations allowing repetition |
| QUARTILE | Return the quartile of a dataset |
| QUARTILE.EXC | Return exclusive quartile |
| QUARTILE.INC | Return inclusive quartile |
| RANK | Return rank of a number in a list |
| RANK.AVG | Return average rank if duplicates occur |
| RANK.EQ | Return exact rank of a number |
| SKEW | Return the asymmetry of a distribution |
| SKEW.P | Return skewness for entire population |
| SLOPE | Return slope of a best-fit line |
| SMALL | Return the nth lowest value |
| STANDARDIZE | Return a z-score based on mean and standard deviation |
| STDEV | Calculate standard deviation of a sample |
| STDEV.P | Standard deviation for entire population |
| STDEV.S | Standard deviation for a sample |
| STDEVA | Standard deviation including text/logical values |
| STDEVP | Population standard deviation (legacy) |
| STDEVPA | Population std dev including text/logical values |
| TRIMMEAN | Return mean excluding outliers from both ends |
| VAR | Return variance of a sample |
| VAR.P | Return variance of a population |
| VAR.S | Return sample variance |
| VARA | Sample variance including logical/text values |
| VARP | Legacy variance function for population |
| VARPA | Population variance including logical/text values |
Excel Text Functions:
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| CHAR | Convert a number into its corresponding character |
| CLEAN | Remove non-printable or control characters from text |
| CODE | Return the numeric code of the first character in a string |
| CONCAT | Combine multiple text strings with no separator |
| CONCATENATE | Join multiple text items into one (legacy version) |
| DOLLAR | Format a number as currency text |
| EXACT | Check if two text values are exactly the same |
| FIND | Locate one string inside another (case-sensitive) |
| FIXED | Format a number as text with a fixed number of decimals |
| LEFT | Extract characters from the start (left) of a text string |
| LEN | Return the number of characters in a text string |
| LOWER | Convert all letters in a string to lowercase |
| MID | Extract a substring from the middle of a string |
| NUMBERVALUE | Convert text to a number using local separators |
| PROPER | Capitalize the first letter of each word in a text |
| REPLACE | Replace part of a string at a specific position |
| REPT | Repeat a text string a set number of times |
| RIGHT | Extract characters from the end (right) of a string |
| SEARCH | Find a substring’s position (not case-sensitive) |
| SUBSTITUTE | Replace all or specific instances of a substring |
| TEXT | Format a number as text using a given number format |
| TEXTJOIN | Combine text strings with a custom delimiter |
| TRIM | Remove extra spaces except single spaces between words |
| UNICHAR | Return the character corresponding to a Unicode number |
| UNICODE | Return the Unicode code number of a character |
| UPPER | Convert all letters in text to uppercase |
| VALUE | Convert a text string that looks like a number into a number |
Excel Web Functions:
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| ENCODEURL | Convert text into a URL-safe format by encoding special characters |
| FILTERXML | Extract specific values from XML content using XPath expressions |
| WEBSERVICE | Retrieve information from an online web service or API |